What is meant by User authentication?
The term "user authentication" refers to the process of verifying a user's identity to ensure that only authorized individuals can access a system or service. Authentication is a key component of IT security and protects against unauthorized access by confirming identity through login credentials or authentication mechanisms.
Typical software functions in the area of "user authentication":
- Login Process: Allows users to log into a system by entering their credentials such as usernames and passwords.
- Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): An additional layer of security that requires a second factor (e.g., a one-time password or biometric data) to confirm identity.
- Password Management: Functions for creating, storing, and managing passwords, including support for password reset and recovery.
- Biometric Authentication: Utilizes biometric data such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans for identity verification.
- Token-Based Authentication: Use of security tokens or smart cards that generate temporary access codes for authentication.
- Single Sign-On (SSO): Allows access to multiple applications or services with a single login, enhancing user convenience and security.
- Monitoring and Logging: Recording login attempts, including successful and failed attempts, for analysis and security reviews.
- Access Control: Linking authentication with access rights to ensure that authenticated users can only access areas and functions intended for them.
Examples of "user authentication":
- Login with Username and Password: A user enters their credentials to access an online service.
- Two-Factor Authentication for Bank Transactions: In addition to the password, a one-time password is sent via SMS to confirm the transaction.
- Biometric Login on a Smartphone: A user unlocks their phone using fingerprint or facial recognition.
- Single Sign-On for Enterprise Applications: An employee logs in once and gains access to various applications within the company's network.
- Token-Based Authentication for Online Services: A user receives a temporary token via email, which is used to verify their identity.